Synchronizing digital content

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to one or more configured computing systems identifying when decoupled content includes companion content that can be synchronously presented. Once a content match is identified, a device to receive synchronization information can also be identified. The synchronization information can enable one or more devices to synchronously present companion content.

BACKGROUND

Generally described, computing devices and communication networksfacilitate the collection and exchange of information. In a commonapplication, computing devices, such as personal computing devices, canutilize a wide area communication network, generally referred to as theInternet, to access content, or other data, from other computing devicesassociated with content providing entities. The specific design/functionof each computing device can vary the type of content exchanged betweenthe computing devices.

Users can request data from a content providing entity so that thecontent is delivered to one or more computing devices in a relatively“real time” basis. For example, users can request content from a networkresource (e.g., a Web site, Web service, or cloud node) for immediatepresentation on a computing device display screen or they can requestthe immediate transfer of content, such as a document or data file, froma network resource or Web service for storage on the computing device.In another example, users can transmit a request, or initiate atransaction, that results in the downloading or streaming of content toa computing device. Typically, the content providing entity wouldinitiate the transfer upon receipt of the request from the computingdevice.

In one application, various computing devices associated with a user ora user account have access to different representations of companioncontent. For example, a user may utilize a computing device such as anelectronic book reader (“e-book reader”) that has obtained a digitalrepresentation of content (e.g., an electronic book (“e-book”) or otherdigital publication that can be presented on an e-book reader) via acommunication network (e.g., a wireless communication network). Thiscontent may be referred to as a “first” content. The same user may alsoutilize a computing device such as a laptop that has obtained a separatecompanion representation of the same or similar content (e.g., an audiobook that can be audibly presented via headphones/speakers and thatcorresponds to the e-book obtained by the user's e-book reader). Thiscontent may be referred to as a “second” content. The second content maybe obtained at a different time and/or from a different source than thefirst content. As a result, the first content and the second content canbe decoupled from one another, and additional features related to thesynergy of the first content and the second content (collectively, the“companion content”) are not readily available to computing devicesutilized by the user or associated with the user's account maintained bya content provider.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages will becomemore readily appreciated as the same become better understood byreference to the following detailed description, when taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting an illustrative companionidentification environment for use in identifying companion content thatcan be synchronously presented.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting an illustrative content managementenvironment for use in providing synchronization information to one ormore computing devices.

FIG. 3A depicts an illustrative general architecture of a companionidentification server for identifying companion content that can besynchronously presented.

FIG. 3B depicts an illustrative general architecture of a contentmanagement server for providing content synchronization information toone or more computing devices.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are block diagrams of the content management environmentof FIG. 2 illustrating various embodiments for the transmission ofsynchronization information based on an identified match between firstcontent and second content.

FIG. 5 is an illustrative interface generated on a computing device forselecting options related to an identified content match.

FIG. 6 is an illustrative interface generated on a computing device forrequesting content synchronization information for selected content.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an illustrative method of presentingsynchronized content.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an illustrative method of rendingsynchronized content that includes mismatches in companion content.

FIG. 9 depicts an illustrative computing device synchronously presentingcompanion content.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Generally described, aspects of the present disclosure relate to themanagement of content and/or information related to the content.Specifically, aspects of the present disclosure relate to managingdecoupled companion content so that it can be synchronized. While thedisclosure may focus on examples of synchronously presenting content forillustrative purposes, the principles and advantages described hereinmay be applied to other ways of synchronizing content. Content can referto any data that can be directly or indirectly accessed by a user,including, but not limited to, multi-media data, digital images, digitalvideo, displayable text, audio data, electronic documents, electronicpublications/books, computer-executable code, portions of the above, andthe like.

A first content and a second content that can be synchronized may bereferred to as companion content or a companion content pair. For eachpair of companion content, content synchronization informationassociated with the companion content can be generated, transmitted,and/or obtained via computing devices in a communication network. Thecontent synchronization information can include any data related to thesynchronous presentation of the first content and the second content, soas to enable one or more computing devices to synchronously present thecompanion content. Content synchronization information can includereference points mapping portions of the first content to correspondingportions of the second content. In a specific example, contentsynchronization information can include data that can be used to map asegment of text (e.g., a word, line, sentence, etc.) to a timestamp of acorresponding audio recording. The content synchronization informationcan also include information related to the relative progress of thepresentation, or a state of presentation of the digital representationof the content. The synchronous presentation of the companion contentcan vary as a function of the capabilities and/or configuration of thedevice (e.g., a portable e-book reader vs. a mobile phone) and/or theformats of the content in a companion content pair (e.g., a digitalpublication and an audio recording vs. a video and an audio recoding).Accordingly, the content synchronization information can be generated ina variety of formats, versions, etc. Moreover, the contentsynchronization information can include a match score and/or a passagemismatch score, as will be described in more detail below, which can beused for synchronously presenting content. In addition, the contentsynchronization information can include any combination of features ordata used to synchronize content in U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/273,473 (“the '473 Application”), filed Nov. 18, 2008, entitled“SYNCHRONIZATION OF DIGITAL CONTENT,” which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

However, the first and second content in a companion content pair may bedecoupled from each other. Companion content may be decoupled from eachother, for example, by being stored on separate computing devices, bybeing stored in separate data stores that are not part of the samelogical memory, by being obtained via different transactions, by beingobtained at different times, by being obtained from different sources,or any combination thereof. For instance, a user can buy an e-book andthen at a later point in time purchase an audio book version of thee-book from a different vendor. In such cases, the user may wish tolisten to the audio book while simultaneously reading the e-book.However, when such companion content is decoupled, it can be difficultto provide the user with a synchronous presentation experience, such aspresenting portions of the audio book corresponding to text of thee-book presented on a display.

The decoupled nature of companion content can result in a number ofdifficulties for providing a user with a synchronous presentationexperience. Such difficulties may include, for example, determiningsources from which to obtain content information identifying thecontent, identifying that a second content matches or is a companion toa first content, generating content synchronization information neededto synchronize presentation of the first and second content, providingcontent synchronization information to a computing device with access tothe first and/or second content, managing the storage of informationrelated to the first and/or second content, or any combination thereof.

Since the first content and the second content of a companion contentpair may be decoupled from each other, one or more computing devices mayidentify a content match, which indicates that the second content may bea companion of the first content. Further, the one or more computingdevices can also identify that a user is associated with and/or hasaccess to the first content and the second content. Based on determiningthe content match, the one or more computing devices can identify areceiving computing device associated with the user, and causetransmission of content synchronization information related to thecompanion content to the receiving computing device. Thereafter, thereceiving computing device can utilize the content synchronizationinformation to synchronously or simultaneously present the companioncontent to the user. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that morethan one individual content may match or be a companion to anothercontent. Accordingly, more than two individual contents may besynchronously presented without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure. In addition, in some embodiments, one or more receivingcomputing devices associated with one or more users may receive thecontent synchronization information and utilize the contentsynchronization information to synchronously present the companioncontent.

As an illustrative, non-limiting example, a user may obtain access tocompanion content (e.g., an e-book formatted for an e-book reader, anaudio book, and an e-book formatted for a mobile phone) that can besynchronously presented. More specifically, the user may initiallyobtain a first content, such as an e-book of The Adventures of TomSawyer, and store the e-book on the user's e-book reader. In someinstances, the audio book of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer may becomeavailable after the user obtains the first content. Yet, in otherinstances, the audio book of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer may already beavailable when the user obtains the first content. The user may thenobtain this second content, i.e., the audio book of The Adventures ofTom Sawyer, via a separate transaction, which can include purchasing,lending, sharing, transferring, or any combination thereof. The separatetransaction may be a purchase transaction resulting from a message thatthe audio book has become available or from browsing a catalog ofavailable audio books. After the audio book and the e-book are obtained,the user may desire to synchronously listen to the audio book whileviewing the e-book.

In this regard, a content management system can identify that the firstcontent and the second content are a content match, based on determiningthat the first and second content are companion content. The contentmanagement system may be implemented by one or more computing devices,which may, in some instances, include any computing device(s) associatedwith the user. The content information may be obtained, for example,from network resources, such as an external data source that includespurchase information associated with a user or user account, and/or frominformation the user shares from a computing device, such a list ofcontent available to the computing device.

In addition to identifying a content match, the content managementsystem can also identify a computing device associated with the userthat can synchronously present the first and second content, such as thee-book reader or another computing device. A particular version of thecontent synchronization information may be transmitted to the identifieddevice in order to be compatible with the companion content that ispresented using the identified computing device and/or be compatiblewith identified computing device itself. For example, a differentversion of content synchronization information may be provided to ane-book reader versus a mobile phone, based on different formats used tovisually present the text of an e-book. The identified computing devicemay already store the companion content or the content management systemmay cause at least a portion of the companion content to be transmittedto the identified computing device. The content management system canalso cause content synchronization information to be transmitted to theidentified device.

With the companion content and the content synchronization informationavailable to the same computing device, the computing device cansynchronously present the companion content to provide the user with anenhanced content consumption experience. For instance, the user maylisten to the audio book of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer while viewingthe corresponding text of the e-book, which text can be highlighted,underlined, or otherwise enhanced to correspond to the playback of theaudio book. The synchronous presentation experience may also include,for example, automatic page turning synchronized with audio playbackand/or aligning search results in one format with a presentationposition of the other format, with subsequent synchronous presentationstarting at the search result position.

With reference now to FIG. 1, a block diagram depicting an illustrativecompanion identification environment 100 for use in identifying contentthat can be synchronized will be described. As illustrated in FIG. 1,the companion identification environment 100 includes a companionidentification system 102 for obtaining content information and/orcontent synchronization information transmitted from one or more networkdata sources 110 via a network 115, such as the Internet or othercommunications link. Any of the networks described herein may be anywired network, wireless network or combination thereof. In addition, anyof the networks described herein may be a personal area network, localarea network, wide area network, cable network, satellite network,cellular telephone network, etc., or any combination thereof.Additionally, the companion identification system 102 can store contentinformation and/or companion content information in an electroniccompanion data store 120.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the content identification system 102 caninclude an external data source interface component 122 for obtainingcontent information from network-based resources. The contentinformation can be any information from which content can be identified,such as information corresponding to an identifier, title, format,version, content data itself, and/or other information associated withcontent. The external data source interface component 122 may also beutilized to cause the transmission of information to the one or morenetwork data sources 110 and/or to a content management system, forexample, as described in reference to FIG. 2.

The content identification system 102 can also include a companionidentification module 124 for processing the content information fromthe network data sources 110 and determining which contents arecompanion content that can be synchronized. The companion identificationmodule 124 may use a product identifier and/or metadata (e.g., title,author, edition, etc.) related to the content can be used to identifycompanion content. For instance, such information can be used todetermine that different formats/versions of the same or similarcontent, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer e-book and The Adventuresof Tom Sawyer audio book, are companion content. In someimplementations, the companion identification module 124 may furtherprocess the content information to identify companion content byapplying filtering, spell/grammar check, and any other suitableautomated algorithms. In addition, the companion identification module124 can incorporate additional reference materials to identify a contentmatch, for instance, by accessing a uniform resource identifier.Further, the content identification module 124 may compare pairs orother combinations of content to determine whether each pair/combinationis companion content, for example, by correlating each pair/combinationof content in a common format. More specifically, if the contentinformation corresponds to information related to the presentation of aspecific representation of content (e.g., an audio book), the companionidentification module 124 may translate at least a portion of thecontent into a format corresponding a different version of the content(e.g., translating audio into a specific e-book format) and/or into ageneric format (e.g., text). The translated content information can becorrelated with other content information to determine whether each pairof content is companion content that can be synchronized. In otherimplementations, the companion identification module 102 may prompt auser to enter data (e.g., title, author, edition, etc.) for one or morecontents. The companion identification module 124 may compare the datain order to identify companion content. In yet other implementations,the companion identification module 124 may prompt a user to confirmthat the first and second content are companion content.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that even though a firstcontent and a second content may be companion content, the first contentmay not correlate exactly to the second content. For example, the audiobook of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer may not exhibit a one-to-onecorrespondence to the e-book of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer due todifferences between the narration script of the audio book and the textof the e-book, differences between editions, differences in “frontmatter” (e.g., introduction to the audio production, table of contents,index, etc.) and/or “back matter,” differences between unabridged andabridged versions, differences in format of content, differences indevice capabilities, etc. Due to the existence of such uncorrelatedportions of potential companion content, the companion identificationmodule 124 can be configured to identify companion content amongstpairs/combination of content that include mismatching portions. Althoughmore detail will be provided below with reference to correlatingportions of an unabridged version of an e-book with an abridged versionof the corresponding audio book, the concepts described may be appliedto any application in which a first and second content includemismatching portions.

As noted above, when correlating an unabridged version of an e-book withan abridged version of the corresponding audio book, mismatches canresult from a number of sources, such as deletions, modifications,insertion of new material, or any combination thereof. Yet the abridgedversion of the e-book may include large portions of unmodified material,which may strongly correlate with the abridged version of the audiobook. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the companion identificationmodule 124 may detect mismatches between an abridged version and anunabridged version of content using algorithms that solve “longestcommon sequence” problems, an implementation of which can be found, forexample, in the UNIX “diff” operation. The companion identificationmodule 124 can then generate content synchronization information for thecorrelated portions of the different versions and provide the contentsynchronization information to the user's computing device for use whensynchronizing presentation of the abridged audio book with theunabridged e-book. More specifically, the companion identificationmodule 124 can correlate unmodified material similarly to how a fullbook and a full audio book are correlated. However, for passages of anabridged version with small-scale modifications, the companionidentification module 124 may correlate the modified material andgenerate an indicator that these portions include some mismatches.Although new and deleted material in the abridged version may notcorrelate with the full version, these uncorrelated passages andmodified material can be handled so as to provide the most useful andnatural user experience. This may include disabling a subset ofsynchronous presentation features and/or providing an indication ofsmall scale mismatches. As a non-limiting example, when a user listensto the abridged audio book while viewing the unabridged e-book withsynchronized highlighting of text, small scale modifications may behighlighted differently to indicate that audio playback does notcompletely match the written text. Similar techniques can be appliedwhen correlating an unabridged audio book with a companion unabridgede-book, as some material may not match between these versions.

An illustrative method that can be implemented by the companionidentification module 124 for processing mismatches will now bedescribed in general terms. First, potential companion content can beconverted into a common format, such as text and/or phoneme. Then anattempt is made to match content at a small scale (e.g., at a wordlevel) can be performed. Since missing or added passages can includelarger portions (e.g., whole sentences or paragraphs) that do not match,a passage mismatch score indicating the frequency of mismatches can becomputed for sentences, paragraphs, and/or other units of text. Forexample, the passage mismatch score may represent a number and/orpercentage of word mismatches for a larger portion of text (e.g., asentence, paragraph, or page). Sequences of larger portions withsimilarly high mismatch frequencies compared with adjoining sequences(where “high” can be set empirically from analyzing correlation of knowncompanion content) can be identified. These sequences may representcontent that should not be synchronized with other content in acompanion content pair. The high mismatch passages can be removed ineither or both contents, and matching can be reattempted at a smallerscale (e.g., at the word level). Metadata can be generated based on thecorrelation(s) to determine alignment points for the contentsynchronization information. The metadata may also include informationidentifying reference points in at least one of the companion content atwhich a matching portion begins/ends.

The content identification module 124 can also cause a notification tobe sent in response to identifying companion content. For example, whennew companion content becomes available (e.g., The Adventures of TomSawyer audio book), a notification that companion content is availablecan be sent to users who already own corresponding content (e.g., TheAdventures of Tom Sawyer e-book). Such a notification can be sent, forexample, via electronic mail, push notification, telephony message,automatic download request or any network messaging or communicationprotocol available between a computing device and the contentidentification module 124. The notification can be sent to a computingdevice that is configured to present content and/or that stores thecorresponding content. This notification may be used by the computingdevice to inform and/or assist a user in obtaining the second contentvia purchase (e.g., via a browser used to navigate an electronicshopping service that offers the second content for sale), lending,sharing, and/or transfer of ownership services. Further, notifications,messages, and/or other communications regarding companion content can besent in a variety of other contexts. Some example contexts can include auser browsing available content before the user has access to any of thecompanion content, and sending a user a promotional offer to samplecompanion content (e.g., a chapter of an audio book and a chapter of ane-book) to try a synchronous presentation experience.

Returning to FIG. 1, the companion identification module 124 may alsodetermine a match score indicative of how well a first contentcorrelates with a second content. The match score may apply to theentire first content and second content or to a subset thereof (e.g., achapter, act, or part). The match score may be indicative of the overallquality of synchronously presenting the companion content, while thepassage mismatch score described above may be useful in synchronouslypresenting the companion content, for example, as will be describedbelow with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. The match score may be calculatedlike the passage mismatch score described above. In some instances, thematch score can correspond to a percentage or ratio of any unit of thefirst content correlating to a corresponding unit of the second content.In a specific example, the match score can be the percentage of words inan e-book that correlate to corresponding words in an audio book. Thematch score may be used to determine whether pairs of content arecompanion content. For example, a minimum match score can be used as athreshold value for determining that a content pair is companion contentfor which content synchronization information will be generated.

Since portions of companion content may not correlate with each other,the match score can be used to process companion content with varyingranges of correlations into any number of groups that can be processeddifferently. For example, using the match score, the companionidentification module 124 may synchronize an unabridged e-book with acorresponding unabridged audio book or synchronize the unabridged e-bookwith a corresponding abridged audio book. Accordingly, the user'scomputing device can automatically present companion contentsynchronously when the match score satisfies a threshold and/or providea subset of features related to synchronizing the companion content whenthe companion content has a match score below a predetermined threshold.

The content identification system 102 can further be associated with thecompanion data store 120 for storing content information obtained by theexternal data source interface component 122, utilized by the companionidentification module 124, and/or generated by the companionidentification module 124. The companion data store 120 can also storecontent synchronization information obtained and/or generated by thecontent management system 202. The companion data store 120 may storecontent information used to determine whether content pairs arecompanion content, data indentifying companion content, and/or matchscores. For instance, the companion data store may store a list,database, or other suitable data structure that identifies companioncontent as determined by the content identification system 102.

The content identification system 102 may be operable on one or morecomputing devices, such as server computing devices, cloud nodes, clientcomputing devices, and/or mobile computing devices. Additionally, theexternal data source interface component 122 and/or the companionidentification module 124 may be implemented in a single computingdevice or across multiple computing devices. Likewise, although thecompanion data store 120 is illustrated as local to the contentmanagement system 102, the data store 120 can correspond to adistributed data store and/or a network based data store. The contentidentification system 102 may include any one of a number of additionalhardware and/or software components that would be utilized in theillustrative computerized network environment to carry out theillustrative functions of the content identification system 102 and/orany of the individually identified components.

Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram depicting an illustrative contentmanagement environment 200 for use in managing content synchronizationinformation will be described. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the contentmanagement environment 200 includes a content management system 202 formanaging content synchronization information. The content match may bedetermined from content information obtained from one or more computingdevices 204 and/or one or more network data sources 208 via the network206. Additionally, the content management system 202 can store contentinformation, content synchronization information, and/or otherinformation related to content management in an electronic contentmanagement data store 210.

The content management environment 200 can include one or more computingdevices 204 for presenting content to a user. In an illustrativeembodiment, the computing devices 204 can include various hardwareand/or software components for obtaining and presenting digital contentto a user, including, but not limited to, browser software applications,image viewing software applications, electronic publication viewingsoftware applications, media playing software applications, and thelike. The computing devices 204 can correspond to a wide variety ofdevices or components that are capable of initiating, receiving orfacilitating communications over a communication network and/orpresenting content. The computing devices 204 can include, but are notlimited to, a laptop, personal computer, a tablet computer, personaldigital assistant (PDA), hybrid PDA/mobile phone, mobile phone,electronic book reader, digital media player, television, integratedcomponents for inclusion in computing devices, appliances, electronicdevices for inclusion in vehicles or machinery, gaming devices, and thelike.

The content management system 202 can include an external data sourceinterface component 212 for obtaining content information fromnetwork-based resources, such as the network data sources 208 and/or thecompanion identification system 102. The content management system 202can also include a computing device interface component 214 forobtaining content information from computing devices 204. The contentinformation obtained from the network data sources 208 and/or thecomputing devices 204 may include any information that can be used toidentify a content match and/or a device to send content synchronizationinformation. For instance, the content information may includeinformation that identifies content, information associating contentwith a user or group of users, and/or information related to the contentitself. By obtaining content information from different sources and/orat different points in time, the content management system 202 can beused to gather data related to decoupled content. In this way, thecontent management system 202 can identify relationships betweendecoupled content that may otherwise be unknown due to the decouplednature of the content.

The content management system 202 can also include a content managementmodule 216 for identifying a content match, identifying a computingdevice 204 to transmit content synchronization information to, causingtransmission of content synchronization information to one or morecomputing devices 204 via a network 206, or any combination thereof. Theexternal data source interface component 212 and the computing deviceinterface component 214 may be utilized to cause the transmission ofinformation to the one or more network data sources 208 and/or one ormore computing devices 204, respectively.

The content management system 202 can further be associated with thecontent management data store 220 for storing content information,companion content information, device identification information,content synchronization information, other information related tocontent management, or any combination thereof. Such information may beobtained by the content management system from the computing devices 204and/or the network data sources 208 via the network 206. In addition,the information stored in the content management data store 210 can begenerated by the content management system 202, for example, by thecontent management module 216.

The content management system 202 may be operable on one or morecomputing devices, such as server computing devices, personal computingdevices, and/or mobile computing devices. Additionally, the externaldata source interface component 212, the computing device interfacecomponent 214, the content management module 216, or any combinationthereof may be implemented in a single computing device or acrossmultiple computing devices. Likewise, although the content managementdata store 210 is illustrated as local to the content management system202, the data store 210 can correspond to a distributed data storeand/or a network based data store. The content management system 202 mayinclude any one of a number of additional hardware and/or softwarecomponents that would be utilized in the illustrative computerizednetwork environment to carry out the illustrative functions of thecontent management system 202 and/or any of the individually identifiedcomponents.

FIG. 3A depicts an illustrative general architecture of a companionidentification server 300 for identifying companion content. Thecompanion identification server 300 is an example implementation of thecompanion identification system 102. The general architecture of thecompanion identification server 300 depicted in FIG. 3A includes anarrangement of computer hardware and software components that may beused to implement aspects of the present disclosure. The companionidentification server 300 may include more (or fewer) components thanthose shown in FIG. 3A. As illustrated, the companion identificationserver 300 includes a processing unit 304, a network interface 306, acomputer readable medium drive 307, an input/output device interface320, an optional display 302, and an optional input device 324, all ofwhich may communicate with one another by way of a communication bus.The network interface 306 may provide connectivity to one or morenetworks or computing systems. The processing unit 304 may thus receiveinformation and instructions from other computing systems or servicesvia a network. The processing unit 304 may also communicate to and frommemory 310 and further provide output information for an optionaldisplay 302 via the input/output device interface 320. The input/outputdevice interface 320 may also accept input from the optional inputdevice 324, such as a keyboard, mouse, digital pen, etc.

The memory 310 may include computer program instructions that theprocessing unit 304 executes in order to implement one or moreembodiments. The memory 310 generally includes RAM, ROM and/or otherpersistent or non-transitory memory. The memory 310 may store anoperating system 314 that provides computer program instructions for useby the processing unit 304 in the general administration and operationof the companion identification server 300. The memory 310 may furtherinclude computer program instructions and other information forimplementing aspects of the present disclosure. For example, in oneembodiment, the memory 310 includes a user interface module 312 thatgenerates user interfaces (and/or instructions therefor) for displayupon a computing device, e.g., via a navigation interface such as a webbrowser installed on the computing device. In addition, memory 310 mayinclude or communicate with one or more auxiliary data stores, such ascompanion data store 120.

In addition to the user interface module 312, the memory 310 may includea companion identification module 124 that may be executed by theprocessing unit 304. In one embodiment, the companion identificationmodule 124 implements various aspects of the present disclosure, e.g.,determining which pairs/combinations of content are companion contentthat can be synchronized and/or computing a match score indicative ofhow well companion content correlates with each other. While thecompanion identification module 124 is shown in FIG. 3A as part of thecompanion identification server 300, in other embodiments, all or aportion of the module may be a part of the computing devices 204. Forexample, in certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the computingdevices 204 may include several components that operate similarly to thecomponents illustrated as part of the companion identification server300, including a user interface module, companion identification module,processing unit, computer readable medium drive, etc. In suchembodiments, the computing devices 204 may communicate with a companiondata store, such as the companion data store 120, and the companionidentification server 300 may not be needed in certain embodiments.

FIG. 3B depicts an illustrative general architecture of a contentmanagement server 330 for managing content synchronization information.The content management server 330 is an example implementation of thecontent management system 202. The general architecture of the companionidentification server 330 depicted in FIG. 3B can include anycombination of the features of the companion identification server 300,for example, as described in reference to FIG. 3A, where like referencenumbers indicate like parts.

The memory 310 of the content management server 330 may also include acontent management module 216 that may be executed by the processingunit 304. The memory may also communicate with the content managementdata store 210. In one embodiment, the content management module 216implements various aspects of the present disclosure, e.g., identifyinga content match, identifying a device for which to transmit contentsynchronization information, causing transmission of contentsynchronization information, or any combination thereof. While thecontent management module 216 is shown in FIG. 3B as part of the contentmanagement server 330, in other embodiments, all or a portion of acontent management module may be a part of one or more computing devices204. For example, in certain embodiments of the present disclosure, thecomputing devices 204 may include several components that operatesimilarly to the components illustrated as part of the contentmanagement server 330, including a user interface module, contentmanagement module, processing unit, computer readable medium drive, etc.In such embodiments, the computing devices 204 may communicate with acontent management data store, such as the content management data store210, and the content management server 330 may not be needed in certainembodiments.

With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the interaction between the variouscomponents of the content management environment 200 (FIG. 2) will bedescribed. More specifically, with reference to FIG. 4A, embodiments inwhich synchronization information is provided at the direction of thecontent management system 202 will be described. With reference to FIG.4B, embodiments in which synchronization information is provided at thedirection of a computing device 204 will be described.

Due to the decoupled nature of companion content, the content managementsystem 202 can gather content information in a variety of ways and/or ata variety of points in time, in order to identify a content match and/orto identify a particular computing device 204 to which to transmitsynchronization information. Synchronization information may includecontent synchronization information and/or information identifying oneor more companion content pairs. The content management system 202 mayobtain content information, via the network 206, from network datasources 208 that have access to content information associated with auser and/or information associated with computing devices associatedwith the user. Similarly, the content management system 202 may obtaincontent information, via the network 206, from one or more computingdevices 204 associated with the user. For example, the contentmanagement module 216 may obtain information related to user access tocontent (e.g., digital ownership history), information related to a useraccount (e.g., content and/or devices associated with the account), andthe like. Such content information may be gathered at the direction ofthe content management module 216 based on a triggering event. Exampletriggering events may include, but are not limited to, a change in theuser's interaction with content information (e.g., changing privacysettings, updating account information, etc.), a user initiated request,a user purchasing, leasing, sharing, or transferring new content, a useradding content to a new computing device, the content management system202 identifying that new companion content is available, and the like.Alternatively or additionally, the content management module 216 maygather content information periodically, for example, at predeterminedperiods of time (e.g., set as a system default or selected at thedirection of a user), each time a computing device isactivated/deactivated (e.g., when a device is associated with a useraccount), each time a computing device is powered on/off, and the like.For instance, a computing device 204 may transmit a list of contentstored thereon at predetermined intervals (every day, week, two weeks,month, etc.) to the content management system 202 via the network 206.Content information may also be transmitted to the content managementsystem 202 at the direction of a user. Using any combination of theseways of gathering content information, content information for decoupledcontent can be made available to a common computing system, such as thecontent management system 202, for identifying content matches.Accordingly, content matches can be determined for potential companioncontent that is stored on separate computing devices 204, acquired viadifferent transactions (e.g., at different points in time or fromdifferent retailers), and the like.

Identifying content matches for decoupled content can vary based on howthe content is decoupled. For example, when companion content isdecoupled by being purchased at a different point in time from a commonretailer, a content match may be identified by the content managementsystem 202 in response to a user buying new content from the commonretailer, based on the user's digital ownership history. As anotherexample, when companion content is decoupled by being purchased fromdifferent retailers, the content management system 202 can gatherinformation from the different retailers/content providers/distributorsand/or from user computing devices storing the content to identify acontent match. In yet another example, metadata of content associatedwith the user can be gathered and analyzed by the content managementsystem 202 to identify content matches for any content that has beendecoupled.

Referring to FIG. 4A, once content information for decoupled content isavailable to the content management system 202, the content managementmodule 216 can indentify a content match. Content matches can beidentified in response to gathering new content information. Contentmatches may be identified at predetermined intervals of time (e.g.,every day, week, etc.). Alternatively or additionally, content matchescan be identified from information available to the content managementsystem 202 on demand in response to a user request or system generatedevent obtained via the network 206.

The content management module 216 can identify content matches in avariety of ways. The content management module may identify a contentmatch based on comparing metadata and/or a content identifier for eachpair of content associated with or owned at a particular time by a userto a list of companion content, for example, as generated by thecompanion identification module 124. In some implementations, thecontent management module 216 can identify content matches based oncomparing match scores of content pairs (e.g., as computed by thecompanion identification module 124) to a predetermined threshold. Thecontent management module 216 may also identify whether pairs of contentcan be synchronized by correlating the digital representations of pairsof content.

After identifying a content match, the content management module 216 mayidentify a receiving computing device to receive synchronizationinformation. In some instances, the receiving computing device can be acomputing device 204 that has provided content information to thecontent management system 202. In other instances, the receivingcomputing device may be a different computing device 204 that has notprovided content information to the content management system 202. Thereceiving device may receive synchronization information withoutobtaining access to any portion of content of a companion content pairassociated with the synchronization information and/or prior toobtaining access to any portion of content of a companion content pairassociated with the synchronization information. In certain instances,the receiving computing device may request the content synchronizationinformation. The receiving computing device may be associated with auser, user account, or group of users associated with the content match.For example, the content management module 216 can associate a user withthe content match by identifying, using content information for thefirst and second contents, that the user has access to both contents ina companion content pair that make up the content match. Further, thereceiving computing device may be configured to synchronously presentthe companion content. Yet, in some implementations, one or morereceiving computing devices may synchronously present companion. Thereceiving computing device may also be determined based on availablecontent synchronization information and/or compatibility with thereceiving computing device. Still further, the receiving computingdevice may locally store the companion content on memory or stream thecontent from one or more network resources.

The content management module 216 can cause any portion of thesynchronization information (e.g., at least a portion of the contentsynchronization information) to be transmitted from the contentmanagement system 202 and/or the content management data store 210 tothe receiving computing device 204 via the network 206. Synchronizationinformation, or any other information transferred via the network 206,may be encrypted or otherwise protected utilizing any number of digitalrights management techniques. For instance, synchronization informationcan be encrypted when content associated with the synchronizationinformation is encrypted. In some implementations, synchronization canbe encrypted using information indicative of a device or a group ofdevices such that an identifier stored on a device receiving thesynchronization information can be used to decrypt the synchronizationinformation. The synchronization information can be stored remotely fromthe receiving computing device 204, for example, in the contentmanagement data store 210. When data is stored remotely from thereceiving computing device, the content synchronization information canbe streamed on the receiving computing device. Alternatively oradditionally, the content synchronization information may also be storedlocally on the receiving computing device. This can allow the receivingcomputing device to synchronously present companion content when it isoff-line.

With access to synchronization information that includes contentsynchronization information, the receiving computing device 204 cansynchronously present companion content. Synchronously presentingcompanion content can include, for example, displaying the text of ane-book while playing the corresponding audio book. More detailsregarding synchronous presentation of companion content will be providedwith reference to FIGS. 7-9.

Alternatively or additionally, with access to the synchronizationinformation regarding a companion content pair, the receiving computingdevice can use the information identifying the companion content pairfor a variety of purposes, such as generating content synchronizationinformation, generating a message that the receiving device has accessto companion content, and the like. For example, the receiving devicemay receive a list of companion content pairs to which the receivingdevice has access. Using the list, the receiving device can thengenerate content synchronization information for a companion contentpair, for example, using any combination of features described herein.Further, the information identifying companion content pairs may alsoinclude match scores, which can be used to generate contentsynchronization information, as described above.

Referring to FIG. 4B, the content management module 216 can indentify acontent match at the direction of a computing device 204. The computingdevice 204 can transmit content information to the content managementsystem 202 via the network 206. This can provide the content managementsystem 202 with content information related to at least one content in acompanion content pair. By receiving content information from thecomputing device 204, the content management system 202 can obtaincontent information for a second content of a companion content pair sothat the content management system 202 can identify a content match. Insome instances, the content management system 202 may obtain access tocontent information for the first content from the computing device 204,one or more other computing devices, and one or more network datasources 208, or any combination thereof. The content information for thefirst content and the content information for the second content may beobtained at different points in time.

The content management module 216 can identify a content match inresponse to obtaining content information from the computing device 204,for example, using any combination of features described with referenceto FIG. 4A. After identifying the content match, the content managementsystem 202 can transmit synchronization information to one or morereceiving devices, which may include the computing device 204 thattransmitted content information. Using content synchronizationinformation included in the synchronization information, a singlecomputing device can synchronously present companion content. Forinstance, an e-book can synchronously present text of while playing acorresponding audio book. In other implementations, multiple devices cansynchronously present content. For instance, an e-book reader canpresent text while a media player synchronously plays a correspondingaudio book.

In another embodiment, the computing device 204 can identify a contentmatch based on content stored thereon and/or content informationobtained, via the network 206, from other computing devices 204 and/ornetwork resources 208. The computing device 204 can then send a requestfor content synchronization information to the content management system202 via the network 206. In response to the request, the contentmanagement system 202 can transmit content synchronization informationto one or more computing device 204 via the network 206.

According to another embodiment, the computing device 204 can identify acontent match and generate the content synchronization information.Alternatively or additionally, the computing device can use a list ofcompanion content pairs included in the synchronization information togenerate content synchronization information. In some instances, thecomputing device can generate the content synchronization informationbased on a metric indicative of how well content in a potentialcompanion content pair correlates, such as the match score describedabove. When the metric satisfies a predetermined threshold, the contentsynchronization information can be generated. In some instances, thecontent synchronization information can be generated in “real time.” Thecomputing device 204 can further be configured to transmit any portionof the content synchronization information to another computing device.Moreover, multiple computing devices 204 can identify a content matchand/or generate content synchronization information. The contentsynchronization information generated by one or more computing devices204 can be stored locally on the one or more the computing devices 204and/or in an external data store, such as the content management datastore 210.

FIG. 5 is an illustrative interface 500 generated on a computing device204, such as a computing device that can synchronously present companioncontent, for selecting options related to a content match identified bythe computing device 204. The interface 500 can include a first portion502 for presentation of available content. The user may select content(e.g., an e-book) via one or more selection elements 510, 512, 514presented by the interface 500. In response to the selection of content,the computing device 204 may determine whether the user has access tocompanion content. The computing device 204 may obtain contentsynchronization information (e.g., from a content management system 202and/or by generating content synchronization information itself) and/orobtain access to another content that is part of a companion contentpair that includes the selected content. The computing device 204 mayprompt a user to confirm a desire to synchronously present contentcompanion content and/or to configure the computing device for futurepreferences related to synchronously presenting companion content. Asillustrated in FIG. 5, the interface 500 can include a second portion504 that presents a notification indicating that there is availablecompanion content that can be presented synchronously with the selectedcontent. Additionally, the second portion 504 can include a control 506for obtaining a confirmation from the user of his or her desire tosynchronously present companion content. Still further, the secondportion 504 can include one or more configuration elements 508 forenabling the user to configure the criteria upon which the computingdevice 204 will automatically synchronize companion content. Theconfiguration elements 508 may also enable the user to a default based adegree of a content match. For example, the user can select to alwayssynchronize companion content on a strong match, as indicated by a matchscore satisfying a predetermined threshold. Although FIG. 5 has beenillustrated with regard to a combination of confirmation andconfiguration functionality, one skilled in the relevant art willappreciate that any number of separate or combined interfaces can beused to collect the confirmation information or configurationinformation. Additionally, although interface 500 is illustrated withregard to a display screen of a computing device 204, the interface 500may be generated by any type of computing device and modified inaccordance with resources associated with such alternative computingdevices.

FIG. 6 is an illustrative interface 600 generated on a computing device204 that can synchronously present companion content. The interface 600identifies a content match at the direction of a user. With reference toFIG. 6, the interface 600 includes a presentation portion 602 thatidentifies the content available to the user using the computing device204. In the illustrated example, a list of available content ispresented to the user. The available content can include any combinationof companion content described herein, as well as content for which nocompanions have been identified. The available content may includecompanion content in a number of different versions and/or formats(e.g., e-book, audio book, page image, etc.). Selection elements 604,606, 608, 610 can enable a user to identify a content match and/orselect one or more contents for which to request content synchronizationinformation. The content synchronization information can then be used tosynchronously present companion content. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 6, a user can select a first content, e.g., an audio book of TheAdventures of Tom Sawyer, and a second content, e.g., an e-book of thesame. Then the user may submit a request for content synchronizationinformation via a submission element 612. In response to the submission,the computing device 204 may verify that the selected first and secondcontent can be synchronized. In some implementations, the computingdevice 204 can further generate content synchronization information forthe first and second content. In other implementations, the computingdevice 204 can transmit a request related to the content synchronizationinformation to one or more other computing devices (e.g., to the contentmanagement system 202) via a network (e.g., the network 206). Such atransmission can include a request to determine whether the first andsecond content are a content match and/or a request for the contentsynchronization information for the first and second content.

Once a computing device 204 has obtained content synchronizationinformation associated with a content match of a first content and asecond content, the computing device 204 can synchronously present thefirst content and the second content to a user. FIGS. 7 and 8 depictillustrative methods of synchronously presenting companion content.Although these illustrative methods describe synchronously presenting apair of companion content, the features described with reference tothese illustrative methods can be applied to synchronously presenting alarger combination of companion content.

Referring to FIG. 7, a flow diagram of an illustrative method 700 ofsynchronously presentation companion content will be described. At block702, a computing device 204 can obtain content synchronizationinformation corresponding to a first content and a second content. Thecontent synchronization information may be obtained, for example, from adata store (e.g., data store 210) and/or a separate computing device.Alternatively or additionally, the content synchronization informationmay be obtained by the computing device 204 generating the contentsynchronization information. As previously described, the contentsynchronization information can include information regarding positionsin the first content that correspond to positions in a second content(e.g., a page and line in an e-book and a playback position of an audiobook), additional information related to synchronous presentation (e.g.,information for highlighting, underlining, etc. a portion e-book thatcorresponding to the playback of an audio book), information identifyingportions of the first and second content that match/mismatch (e.g.,information identifying portions of an unabridged e-book that do notcorrespond to an abridged audio book), or any combination thereof.

At decision block 704, a test may be conducted to determine to whatdegree companion content matches with each other. For example, the testcan include determining whether a content match score satisfies apredetermined threshold. As previously described, the companionidentification module 124 can be configured to determine a content matchscore indicating how well a content pair of companion content correlatewith each other. Companion content can be divided into any number ofsubdivisions based on content match scores. For example, a companioncontent pair associated with a content match score that satisfies apredetermined threshold can be considered a strong match. In thisexample, a companion content pair associated with a content match scorethat does not satisfy the threshold can be considered a weak match. Thethreshold can be determined programmatically by one of more computingdevices and/or set/adjusted at the direction of a user.

If the content match is determined to be weak match, a weak matchsubroutine can begin at block 706. More detail regarding the weak matchsubroutine will be provided with reference to FIG. 8. Alternatively, ifthe content match is determined to be a strong match, the first contentcan be presented using a computing device 204, at block 708. The firstcontent can be presented in any manner that the computing device 204 iscapable of presenting content, such as visually, aurally, tactilely(e.g., via mechanical vibrations and/or by presenting Braille), or anycombination of thereof. The first content may be any type of contentdescribed herein, for example, an audio book. Further, the first contentmay include only a portion of a work, for example, a chapter of an audiobook.

At block 710, a computing device 204 can begin monitoring a presentationposition of the first content. The presentation position may be areference point or tracking point associated with the first content. Forexample, the presentation position may represent a textual position, aplayback position, and/or any other indicator of a position of the firstcontent that is being presented. In a specific example, the textualposition may correspond to a page or any other unit of text within thefirst content. In another specific example, the playback position maycorrespond to units of time (e.g., seconds) from a starting point.

The presentation position of the first content can used in combinationwith content synchronization information to determine a correspondingpresentation position in the second content. For example, the contentsynchronization information may be used to map a presentation positionof the first content to a corresponding presentation position in thesecond content. In some instances, the content synchronizationinformation can include a map of reference points in the first contentthat correspond with reference points in the second content, which canbe used to determine a presentation position in the second content.

The second content can be synchronously presented with the first contentbased on the presentation position of the first content and the contentsynchronization information at block 712. Like the first content, thesecond content can be any of the content described herein and presentedin any manner that a computing device 204 is capable of presenting thesecond content, such as visually, aurally, tactilely, or any combinationof thereof. The second content may be, for example, an e-book. Inaddition, the second content may include only a portion of a work, forexample, a chapter of an e-book. In some instances, the second contentcan be presented using the same computing device used to present thefirst content. In other instances, the second content is presented usinga separate computing device in communication with the computing devicethat presents the first content.

At block 714, the presentation position of the second content can beupdated based on a presentation position of the first content. Forexample, as the presentation position of the first content changes, thecomputing device 204 can determine a corresponding presentation positionfor the second content using the synchronization information. Based thisdetermination, the presentation position of the second content can besynchronized with the presentation position of first content. In aspecific example, this may include turning the page of an e-book whenthe playback of an audio book has advanced beyond the text associatedwith a page being displayed or to the end of the text associated withthe page being displayed. The presentation position of the secondcontent can be continually updated based on the presentation position ofthe first content to enable an enhanced user experience of synchronouslyconsuming the first content and the second content. When the firstcontent and/or the second content include only a portion of a work, thecomputing device 204 can disable synchronous presentation of companioncontent for portions of the first content and second content thatcontent synchronization information indicates do not correspond to eachother.

Referring to FIG. 8, a flow diagram depicting an illustrative method 720of synchronously presenting companion content that are a weak match,e.g., because the companion content includes content mismatches, will bedescribed. As previously described, companion content pairs may includemismatches between some portions of content in a companion content pair.The method 720 may be performed to present companion content consideredto be a content match, but having a relatively low degree ofcorrelation, for example, as determined at decision block 704 of themethod 700. Accordingly, method 720 can be implemented in connectionwith any combination of features of method 700.

The illustrative method 720 may begin at block 706 and proceed to block722, where mismatching segments of the first content and the secondcontent are determined. Alternatively or additionally, matching segmentsof the first content and the second content can be determined. Thesemismatching/matching segments of content can be determined using thecontent synchronization information. For instance, the contentsynchronization information may include reference or tracking points atwhich portions of the first content and the second content begin tocorrelate with each other and/or stop correlating with each other. Thisinformation can be used to identify portions of the potential companioncontent that mismatch.

A portion of first content that matches the second content can bepresented at block 724. Then, at block 726, a portion of the secondcontent can be synchronously presented based on the presentationposition of the first content and the content synchronizationinformation. The presentation position of the second content can becontinually updated based on the content synchronization information andthe presentation position of the first content, for example, aspreviously described. When a mismatching segment is reached by the firstcontent, the presentation position of both the first content and thesecond content can be updated to the next matching segment at block 728.In this way, the method 720 can continue to synchronously present thefirst content and the second content even when a significant portion ofeither content does not match with the other content. In anotherimplementation, when a mismatching portion in either content ispresented, synchronous presentation can be disabled until a matchingportion is presented, at which point synchronous presentation canresume.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a computing device 204 synchronouslypresenting companion content, such as an e-book and a correspondingaudio book. As illustrated in FIG. 9, the computing device 204 canvisually present text of the e-book on a display 900. The computingdevice 204 can also aurally present the companion audio booksimultaneously via one or more speakers 902 and/or one or more audiooutputs, which may be provided to external speaker(s) such asheadphones. Content synchronization information may be used tosynchronously present and update the presentation position of both theaudio book content and the visual e-book content. This may include, forexample, any combination of features described in reference to themethods 700, 720 described in reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively.

In addition, the computing device 204 may also present an indicator 906,which can indicate a presentation position of the audio book content inrelation to the visual presentation of the e-book content within thevisual presentation of the e-book. For example, the text of the e-bookpresented using the display 900 can be enhanced to indicate the playbackposition of the audio book presented via the speaker 902. In thisregard, text can be highlighted, underlined, and/or presented indifferent font (e.g., using different color, size, type, effect, etc.).Individual words, lines, sentences, and/or other units of text can beenhanced to indicate an audio playback position. When the playback ofthe audio book reaches the end of a page of the e-book being presented,the next page of the e-book can be displayed automatically using thecontent synchronization information.

In some implementations, a user can select any word or group of words ofa page of an e-book presented on the display 900 and start playback at acorresponding point in the audio book. Alternatively or additionally,the user can navigate to any point in time in the audio book, and thecorresponding page of the e-book can be displayed by the computingdevice 204, and/or the user can navigate to any position in the e-bookand playback of the audio book can begin at the corresponding point inthe audio book.

The computing device 204 can also support search and bookmarkingfunctionalities, maintaining the synchronous presentation of both theaudio book and the e-book. The computing device 204 can monitor bothaudio and visual presentation positions, so a user can switch betweentextual display and audio playback, and resume consumption of the otherform of content from the last position.

Although some of the examples were provided in the context of a retailenvironment in which a user purchases companion content, any combinationof features described herein may be applied to other settings, asappropriate. For example, the user need not purchase content of acompanion content pair in order to obtain content synchronizationinformation and/or synchronously consume companion content. Instead, theuser may obtain access to one or more individual content of a companioncontent pair by any number of suitable ways, for example, by borrowing,checking out, renting, permanently leasing, temporarily leasing, or anycombination thereof. In a specific example, the user may check out anaudio book and synchronously present the audio book with an e-book thatthe user has purchased. In another specific example, the user may leasean audio book and synchronously present the audio book with a borrowede-book.

Further, although some of the examples were provided in the context ofsynchronously presenting content, any combination of features describedherein may be applied to other content synchronization, as appropriate.For example, content synchronization information can be used to switchback and forth between presenting a first content and a second content.More specifically, in some implementations, a computing device candisplay the text of an e-book and then switch to playing the audio of anaudio book at a corresponding position using the content synchronizationinformation. As another example, the principles and advantages describedherein can be used to synchronize companion content on differentcomputing devices outside the context of synchronously presentingcompanion content. For instance, any combination of features describedherein can be applied to any of the examples of synchronizing content ondifferent computing devices such as described in the '473 Applicationincorporated by reference in its entirety above.

It is to be understood that not necessarily all objects or advantagesmay be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment describedherein. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize thatcertain embodiments may be configured to operate in a manner thatachieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taughtherein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as maybe taught or suggested herein.

All of the processes described herein may be embodied in, and fullyautomated via, software code modules executed by one or more generalpurpose computers or processors. The code modules may be stored in anytype of computer-readable medium or other computer storage device. Someor all the methods may alternatively be embodied in specialized computerhardware. In addition, the components referred to herein may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof.

Conditional language such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might” or“may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, are otherwise understoodwithin the context as used in general to convey that certain embodimentsinclude, while other embodiments do not include, certain features,elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generallyintended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any wayrequired for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodimentsnecessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input orprompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included orare to be performed in any particular embodiment.

Any process descriptions, elements or blocks in the flow diagramsdescribed herein and/or depicted in the attached figures should beunderstood as potentially representing modules, segments, or portions ofcode which include one or more executable instructions for implementingspecific logical functions or elements in the process. Alternateimplementations are included within the scope of the embodimentsdescribed herein in which elements or functions may be deleted, executedout of order from that shown, or discussed, including substantiallyconcurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionalityinvolved as would be understood by those skilled in the art.

It should be emphasized that many variations and modifications may bemade to the above-described embodiments, the elements of which are to beunderstood as being among other acceptable examples. All suchmodifications and variations are intended to be included herein withinthe scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.

1. A system for providing content synchronization information, thesystem comprising: a data store that stores content information andcontent synchronization information; one or more configured computersystems in communication with the data store that are operative to:identify a content match using the content information in the datastore, the content match indicating that a first content and a secondcontent can be synchronized, wherein the first content is decoupled fromthe second content; identify a device to receive the contentsynchronization information, the content synchronization informationcorresponding to the content match, the device storing the first contentand the second content, and the device configured to present the firstcontent and the second content synchronously using the contentsynchronization information; and cause transmission of the contentsynchronization information from the data store to the device via anetwork.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first content isdecoupled from the second content by initially being stored on aseparate device.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first content isdecoupled from the second content by being obtained at a different time.4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first content is further decoupledfrom second content by being obtained from a different source.
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the first content comprises an e-book and thesecond content comprises an audio book.
 6. The system of claim 1,wherein the one or more configured computer systems are furtheroperative to generate the content synchronization information inresponse to said identifying the content match.
 7. A system forproviding synchronization information, the system comprising: a datastore that stores synchronization information for synchronouslypresenting a first content and a second content; one or more configuredcomputer systems in communication with the data store that are operativeto: identify a content match indicating that the first content and thesecond content can be synchronized, wherein the first content isdecoupled from the second content; identify a device to receive thesynchronization information; and cause transmission of thesynchronization information from the data store to the device, whereinthe synchronization information is used by the device to synchronouslypresent the first content with the second content.
 8. The system ofclaim 7, wherein the synchronization information comprises contentsynchronization information.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein thesynchronization information comprises information identifying one ormore companion content pairs.
 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the oneor more configured computer systems are further operative to: obtaincontent information for the second content from the device, and identifythe content match based at least in part on the content information forthe second content.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or moreconfigured computer systems are further operative to: obtain contentinformation for the first content from a source other than the device;and identify the content match based at least in part on the contentinformation for the second content.
 12. The system of claim 11, whereinthe source is a second device storing the first content.
 13. The systemof claim 12, wherein the device and the second device are associatedwith at least one of a common user and a common account.
 14. The systemof claim 7, wherein, prior to receiving synchronization information fromthe one or more configured computer systems, the device does not haveaccess to at least a portion of at least one of the first content andthe second content.
 15. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or moreconfigured computer systems are further operative to generatesynchronization information in response to said identifying the contentmatch.
 16. A computer-implemented method comprising: as implemented byone or more computing devices configured with specific executableinstructions, identifying a content match indicating that a firstcontent and a second content can be synchronized, wherein the firstcontent is decoupled from the second content; and obtaining contentsynchronization information for synchronously presenting the firstcontent and the second content.
 17. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 16, wherein the content match is determined automatically.
 18. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein the content match isdetermined at the direction of a user.
 19. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 16, wherein obtaining content synchronizationinformation includes requesting the content synchronization informationfrom a separate computing device.
 20. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 16, wherein obtaining content synchronization informationcomprises generating the content synchronization information.
 21. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 20, further comprising causingtransmission of the content synchronization information from a firstcomputing device to a second computing device.
 22. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 16, further comprisingsynchronously presenting the first content and the second content usingthe content synchronization information.
 23. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 22, wherein presenting the first content and the secondcontent is performed by the same computing device.
 24. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 22, wherein presenting the firstcontent and the second content is performed by different computingdevices.
 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 22, whereinpresenting the first content and the second content comprises presentinga visual presentation of the first content and presenting an auralpresentation of the second content.
 26. The computer-implemented methodof claim 25, wherein presenting the first content and the second contentcomprises visually presenting, in the visual presentation of the firstcontent, an indicator of a position of the aural presentation of thesecond content.
 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, furthercomprising detecting whether a match score satisfies a predeterminedthreshold, the match score indicating a degree of the content match. 28.The computer-implemented method of claim 27, further comprisingpresenting a user with an option to synchronously present the firstcontent and the second content based at least in part on the matchscore.
 29. The computer-implemented method of claim 27, furthercomprising disabling a subset of synchronous presentation features whenthe match score does not satisfy the predetermined threshold.
 30. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 27, further comprising identifyinga portion of the first content that does not match the second contentwhen the match score does not satisfy the predetermined threshold. 31.The computer-implemented method of claim 30, further comprisingdisabling synchronous presentation of the portion of the first contentthat does not match the second content when the match score does notsatisfy the predetermined threshold.
 32. A computer readable,non-transitory storage medium having at least one computer-executablecomponent for providing synchronization information, the at least onecomputer-executable component comprising: a content management moduleoperative to: identify a content match indicating that a first contentand a second content can be synchronized, wherein the first content andthe second content correspond to different versions of contentassociated with a user, and wherein the user obtained access to thefirst content and the second content via separate transactions; andidentify a device associated with the user to receive synchronizationinformation corresponding to the content match.
 33. The computerreadable, non-transitory storage medium of claim 32, wherein the contentmanagement module is further operative to generate the synchronizationinformation.
 34. The computer readable, non-transitory storage medium ofclaim 32, wherein the content management module is further operative tocause transmission of the synchronization information to the deviceassociated with the user.
 35. The computer readable, non-transitorystorage medium of claim 32, further comprising a user interfacecomponent operative to generate a user interface that enables a user toselect default actions associated with identifying the content match.36. The computer readable, non-transitory storage medium of claim 32,further comprising a user interface component operative to generate auser interface that enables a user to identify a content match.
 37. Thecomputer readable, non-transitory storage medium of claim 36, whereinthe user interface component is further operative to generate a userinterface that enables the user to request synchronization informationassociated with the content match.
 38. The computer readable,non-transitory storage medium of claim 32, wherein the differentversions comprise audio content and visual content.